diffusion bonded alloy powders have been shown to exhibit excellent properties. Due to partially alloying in these powders, possibility of segregation and dusting of alloying additives is decreased, while compressibility still remains in acceptable level.The addition effect of Copper oxide and pure Copper powders in manufacturing of Fe- Cu diffusion bonded alloy powders is presented in this research. It has been shown that physical and mechanical properties in sintered parts are generally improved when Copper oxide powder has been used. Green and sintered densities, hardness, microstructure evaluations, porosities and Copper element distributions are presented.

Background: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detection and localization of tumor, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrate- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients.Results: Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%.Conclusion: DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that begins most commonly in young adults and is characterized pathologically by multiple areas of central nervous system (CNS) white matter inflammation, demyelination, and glial scarring. The most valuable aid for diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). New type of MRI has been developed on the basis of molecular diffusion which capable of detecting acute and active lesions. Early diagnosis and treatment is possible to stop or slowdown progression of disease. The aim of this study is to compare the findings of conventional and diffusion- weighted (DW) MRI in detection cerebral lesions of MS.Methods: Thirty patients with clinically definite MS and 30 healthy volunteers were studied in a descriptive-prospective survey over a twelve-month period of time.Conventional and DW MRI were used in both groups. Total number, morphology, location and the mean size of the intra-cerebral plaques of MS were compared between group. The sensitivity and the specificity of both imaging methods in detecting these plaques were determined.Results: Thirty patients with MS with the mean age of 32.76±8.79 years and 30 healthy individuals with the mean age of 32.75±9.23 years were enrolled. Plaque within the brain was significantly higher by the conventional method (P<0.05). Ovoid lesions were greater in number in the conventional method group. More lesions were detected by the conventional method in the areas of periventricle, centrum semiovale and corpus callosum. Regarding the size of plaque, the minimum measurement was significantly lower in the conventional method group. The sensitivity of both methods was 100%. The specificity of conventional and DW MRI was 86.6% and 96.6%, respectively.Conclusion: In our study the sensitivity of both methods was the same but the specificity of DW MRI was higher. DW MRI may detect lesions which are not detectable by the routine methods.

Introduction The staging of endometrial carcinoma is now performed based on postoperative pathological assessments. If the staging of the cancer could be possible with a preoperative non-invasive method, based on the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system, a more appropriate treatment protocol can be recommended for patients. This study was performed aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in the staging of endometrial carcinoma, based on the postoperative histopathological reference standard. Methods This prospective study was conducted in 2016-2021 on 35 patients with endometrial cancer referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The staging of endometrial cancer was performed based on MRI findings and pathological samples. The diagnostic value of MRI was calculated to distinguish stages 1 from 2 and 1A from 1B. The lesion dimensions in the MRI and the pathological samples were compared using independent-sample t-test and the lesion dimensions between different stages using the ANOVA test by SPSS (version 17). P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results According to the findings of MRI and pathology, the majority of patients (93. 3%) were in stage 1, and 2 (6. 7%) were in stage 2. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value in differentiating stage 1 from stage 2 was 100%, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of MRI in differentiating IA from IB was 100%. Conclusion It seems that dMRI by DWI method can be used in the staging of endometrial tumors in the initial stages (stage 1 from 2 and IA from IB) with diagnostic value.

Copper barrier a new method, with barrier and mortality efficacies, has been evaluated against C. lencoranea on orange, mahali variety in comparison to other registered molluscicides (Metaldehyde and Carbaryl baits) and weeding control + plaguing treatment. The complete randomized block design was set up, with four replications and each replicate consist of three orange trees in each parts. This study conducted in east and west parts of Mazandaran province during 2004. Treatments were initiated in middle of October with Max. Snails activity. Mortality of C. lencoranea has been obtained through Henderson-Tilton method with sampling interval of one day before and 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after the treatments. Mortality recorded by counting alive snails on 4 shoots infested by snails according selection and marking. Analysis of variance done on mean of mortality recorded in each sampling interval and with help of SAS method grouping as well as sustainable effected of those treatments were compared. The results of snail mortalities in all treatments in citrus orchards were found significant at level of 5% (p<0.05). Effects of different treatments found maximum in 7th day of the sampling and mortality rate increased with extent of interval period. Combined analysis done on data of both places and laboratory indicated that, Copper barrier caused higher mortality effect on snail with longer persistence in comparison of other treatments investigated and placed in group a. Mean of snail control in Sari region (54.32%) was observed higher than Tonekabon (50.01%) region. In total, we can suggest that, Copper barrier can consider in control of C. lencoranea in tall varieties of citrus in Mazandaran province and other infested citrus region by this snail pest too.

AbstractThe orientation and shape of joints in cracked structures significantly impact the mechanical behavior of components and the optimization of the construction process. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of titanium grade 2 cracked components under quasi-static tensile loads, considering the crack length (central cracks of 1, 2, and 3 cm) and patch type (rectangular, oval, and hexagonal shapes) parameters. patch connections to the 50 × 40 × 0/5 mm titanium grade 2 base plate are examined according to ASTM E 8/E 8M – 08 and ASME SA-370 standards. A novel approach to patch connection is employed using the advanced diffusion method (SPS) at a temperature range of 820-850 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 47-50 megapascals, with potential applications in the aerospace industry. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to investigate the quality of the joint area of the cracked pieces joined together. Results show that an increase in crack length leads to a decrease in component resistance under static tensile loading. The hexagonal patch demonstrates better resistance with averages of 0/534 and 0/691 compared to rectangular and oval patchs, respectively, due to its superior stress distribution along the entire length of the cracks.Keywords: diffusion bonding; Copper patch; Cracked plate; Titanium.

Background and Aim: Amalgam is one of the mostly used restorative materials, but has some disadvantages. Microleakage is one of the shortcomings of amalgam which may lead to sensitivity and recurrent caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three dentin bonding systems on reduction of microleakage in amalgam restorations.Materials and Methods: Class II amalgam restorations were made in 40 noncarious molar and premolar teeth. Then the specimens were divided into four equal groups. Scotch Bond Multi Purpose, Single bond, iBond, were used as liner in groups one to three respectively and in group four no liner was used. The teeth were restored with high Copper spherical amalgam. After thermocycling for 500 cycles at 5oC and 55oC, the specimens were immersed in basic fuchsin for 24 hours, bisectioned mesiodistally and evaluated under stereomicroscope at 25X for dye penetration. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-wallis and Scheffe. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance.Results: The groups showed significant difference (p=0.003). The group four had significantly less microleakage than the first and second groups (p<0.05). The second and third groups showed significantly different microleakage (p=0.038).Conclusion: Based on the results of this investigation applying dentin bonding agents has no effect on reducing microleakage in amalgam restorations, however more studies are recommended.